Q.I sometimes receive e-mail messages with a “winmail.dat” file attached that I cannot open. Why does this happen, and what can I do to fix it?

A. The winmail.dat file usually appears because various mail programs handle message formats differently. Certain messages sent from the Microsoft Outlook mail program (or a Microsoft Exchange server) may arrive with a winmail.dat attachment if your own mail program is not set up to handle mail in the Microsoft Outlook Rich Text Format.

When people send messages from incorrectly configured Microsoft Outlook email clients, a file attachment called winmail.dat may be added as an attachment to the message. This file contains formatting information for messages that use Microsoft's proprietary TNEF standard and any attachments sent with the original message.

Unlike plain-text formatting, this Rich Text Format can display different text styles, fonts and colors within a message. The winmail.dat file contains the Rich Text Format information for the message, but usually will not open normally. (These attachments are sometimes called T.N.E.F. files, short for Transport Neutral Encapsulation Format, which is the technical term for the format Outlook uses.)

If the winmail.dat file needs to be opened to read the message or its intended file attachment, there are a few ways to troubleshoot. One is to ask the sender to change Outlook’s settings so that mail can be sent in the plain-text format, and then to resend the original message. Microsoft has information on how to do this at support.microsoft.com/kb/290809.

Another approach is to download a program that can translate the winmail.dat file. Several developers have created helpful programs that can open the files. The MozillaZine site has a list of shareware for Windows, Mac OS X and Linux systems, along with more information about dealing with winmail.dat files, at kb.mozillazine.org/Winmail.dat_attachments.

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Users with Microsoft Word can sometimes get to the text in the winmail.dat file by opening it from within Word and scrolling down through a lot of garbled code until they reach the main content of the file.

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Saving Inkjet

Cartridges

Q.I have a weekend home, and when I don’t use the printer there for a couple of months, it will not print. I suspect the ink has gummed up. Is there any way to preserve the cartridges?

A. Inkjet printers use liquid ink, so leaving the cartridges unused or exposed to air for too long can cause them to get clogged or dry out. To help clear jams, most inkjet printers have a self-cleaning function. Depending on the printer make and model, this feature can be part of the printer’s utility software on a computer or a button on the front of the printer itself.

Your printer’s manual should outline the exact steps to take for a given model. If you no longer have the manual, check the support area on the manufacturer’s Web site for guidance, as certain printers handle cleaning differently than others.

If you know you will be away for a while, removing the cartridges and storing them in sealed containers may help preserve them until you return to print again. Although one popular method involves sealing each open cartridge in a plastic bag along with a damp sponge to keep things moist, consider what the cartridge maker advises instead. For example, Hewlett-Packard has its own instructions for one type of cartridge it makes at bit.ly/aQ4exb.

TIP OF THE WEEK The keyboard shortcut for Undo — also known as Control-Z in Windows or Command-Z on a Mac — has saved many Microsoft Word files from accidental deletions or unintended formatting over the years. But what if a user moves too quickly and actually meant to keep the text or formatting the way it was? In Word, the cure for a premature Undo command is Control-Y or Command-Y, which repeats the last action before it was “undone.” J. D. BIERSDORFER

Do recipients of your emails complain about a mysterious attachment called winmail.dat which they cannot open? Do files you attach to emails disappear in that winmail.dat abyss? Does winmail.dat show up for some but not all recipients of your messages? Fortunately, you can get rid of winmail.dat altogether by making sure Outlook does not send mail using RTF.

Instructions in this article apply to Outlook 2019, 2016, 2013, 2010, 2007, 2003; and Outlook for Office 365.

When, How, and Why Winmail.dat is Created

If Outlook sends a message using the RTF format for bold text and other text enhancements, it includes the formatting commands in a winmail.dat file. Receiving email clients that do not understand this code display it as an attachment. Outlook may also pack other file attachments in the winmail.dat file.

Prevent Winmail.dat Attachments from Being Sent in Outlook

To prevent Outlook from attaching a winmail.dat file when you send an email:

1. Go to File.

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2. Select Options.

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3. In the Compose messages section, select the Compose messages in this format dropdown arrow and choose either HTML or Plain Text.

4. In the Message format section, select the When sending messages in Rich Text format to Internet recipients dropdown arrow and choose either Convert to HTML format or Convert to Plain Text format.

Prevent Winmail.dat Attachments in Outlook 2007 and Outlook 2003

To make sure Outlook 2007 to Outlook 2003 do not attach winmail.dat files:

1. Select Tools > Options.

2. Go to Mail Format.

3. Under Compose in this message format, choose either HTML or Plain Text.

4. Click OK.

Disable Winmail.dat for Particular Recipients

How To Open A Winmail Dat File

The standard settings for outgoing mail formats in Outlook can be overridden for an individual email address. If a recipient still receives a winmail.dat attachment after you have made the settings changes, reset the format for individual addresses.

Winmail.dat Reader For Mac

1. Make sure the email address is not in your Outlook Contacts.

   Outlook 2019 and 2016 currently offer no way to change sending preferences for email addresses that are assigned to an address book entry.

2. Open an email from the desired email address or start a new message to it.

3. Under Internet format, select Send Plain text only.

1. Search for the desired contact in your Outlook Contacts.

2. Double-click the contact's email address or right-click the desired email address, then select either Open Outlook Properties or Outlook Properties.

3. Under Internet format, select either Let Outlook decide the best sending format or Send Plain Text only.

4. Click OK.

Extract Files from Winmail.dat without Outlook

Outlook Winmail Dat

If you receive winmail.dat attachments with embedded files, extract them using a winmail.dat decoder on Windows or OS X.